Against the background of the technology which includes seed treatments, N₆₀ application, protection from weeds and leaf diseases, further intensification determined yield increase from 4,9 (1^st background level) to 7,3 t/ha (9^th level), increase of net operating profit from 3163 (1^st level) to 4583 thousand roubles per hectare (7^th level) at simultaneous cost price increase from 1840.6 to 1897.1 thousand roubles per ton of grain and profitability decrease from 35,1 to 31,5 %.

Economically justifiable directions, providing 7,0 t/ha yield increase, were as follows: ear protection from diseases (6^th level), crop protection from root rots with a preparation of benzimidazole group (7^th level) and additional nitrogen fertilizing (3^rd and 4^th levels of the intensification).

The natural fluctuations of productivity of grain and leguminous cultures because of the noncontrollable natural factors are established. The models by definition of average productivity grain and leguminousof cultures on agricultural grounds Byelorussian Poozeriya for any year are developed.

Proceeding from suitability of all areas of Belarus on soil climatic conditions for flax cultivation, the general uniform model of a grade for the next 10–15 years was developed. Key parameters of economic and valuable signs and properties for model of a grade of flax in the conditions of Republic of Belarus are determined.

The article presents results of research of morphometric characteristics of barley’s grains and composition analysis of barley’s storage proteins witch applied for determination of qualities and origin of varieties. Relationships between using varieties and studied parameters are established.

Research new varieties of less common species of onion (onion Allium×proliferum Uzgorak, onion Allium odorum Vodar) that are included in the State Register of varieties of the Republic of Belarus. Varieties has a complex of economically valuable sings and are used as a vegetable and decor plants.

The article deals with the optimization of the production process of potato plants in conditions of aeroponic – regulation of nutrient solution in the different phases of plant ontogenesis. The modified Murashige and Skoog medium with composition of macrosalts and microsalts in a combination with the water-soluble Leafdrip fertilizer-Bor (FRARIMPEX, France) can be used for receiving mini-tubers in conditions of aeroponic.

The new, comprehensive fertilizer brand N:P:K = 13:11:22 B, Cu and Mn in comparison with the make of urea, ammonium sulphate and potassium chloride in equivalent dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in visalo grain yield they have varieties of 4,5 t/ha, hulled oat varieties – 6,1 t/ha Twofold foliar application integrated easy-rhenium NUTRIVANT PLUS on the background N₆₀ P ₆₀ K₉₀ + N_30machev increased the yield of grain they oat varieties – 4,4 t/ha and filmy – 6,6 t/ha.

The complex of measures to improve productivity and quality of seeds of cruciferous crops, along with the macroelements, great importance is the use of micronutrients and growth regulators. Despite some lighting applications under crucifers the most important microelements, many questions require further study. The paperpresents the results of research on the influence of microfertilizers on seed productivity and economic efficiency of cultivation of white mustard, oil radish and spring rape.

Studied influence of regulators of growth of plants on elements of structure of a crop winter rapе. Regulators of growth of plants raised weight of 1000 seeds on 0,3 g and weight of seeds from one plant on 0,96g. Maximal biological productivity of oilseeds (25,06–25,37 μ/hectares) winter rapе grades the Veronika forms at entering nitrogen in the form of sulfate of ammonium in a doze of 120 kg/hectares in the beginning of renewal of spring vegetation of plants, in a doze of 30 kg/hectares in a phase the beginning of a budding in a combination with boron a pine forest and a regulator of growth Gidrogumat and Ekosil.

Having analyzed the results of the work done, it can be noted that the use of organic and mineral fertilizers in crop rotation is an integral part of measures to improve the yield and quality of tomato. The application of mineral and organic fertilizers aftereffect provided the increase of tomato yield on 7.5–11.5 t/ha or 31.6–43.6 % with the yield 26.4 t/ha without the use of them. The most effective wasthe introduction of half-doses of mineral fertilizers on the aftereffect of manure. Thus, the use of N₆₀P₆₀K₄₅ aftereffect on manure 21 t/ha provides the increase of the total yield on 11.5 t/ha.

The application of fertilizers and organic aftereffect increases in growing tomato (positive tendency) the content of soluble solids in the fruit (up to 4.38%) of total sugar (up to 3.63 %) in comparison with the control.

The results of the research into the effect of prevernal level of mineral nitrogen supply on the balance of humus in winter wheat crops in the layer of sod-podzol sandy loam soil 0–60 cm deep are given in the article.

It was discovered that the greatest rise in supply of humus is provided by the level of prevernal mineral nitrogen supply of 180 kg/ha in the soil layer 0–60 cm deep with two extra dressings of nitrogen fertilizers. The positive balance of humus from 208,0 kg/ha against the first prevernal nitrogen dressing to 501,9 kg/ha against the three nitrogen dressings is formed due to the nitrogen supply. The cultivation of winter wheat at the level of prevernal mineral nitrogen supplies of 120, 140 and 200 kg/ha leads to a substantial loss of humu.

The article presents the results of research in the field experiment on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil to study the effect of different timing and frequency of foliar application of integrated water-soluble fertilizer rastvorin on yield and fruit quality of apple trade. It was found that the highest yields of apples (125.8 kg / ha) provided sixfold rastvorina introduction on the background N₉₀P₆₀K₉₀. The most effective medium to increase the size of the fruit appeared variant with five foliar application rastvorina on background N₉₀P₆₀K₉₀, will increase the average weight of the apples by 8.3%.

The results of studies on the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils of agricultural lands. Separated from soils containing background and contaminated with cadmium, lead, copper, zinc. Established agro-ecological deterioration state of agricultural land, which is mainly caused by pollution by cadmium and lead.

The results of research into the interrelation between the humus content of the agrisod-podzolic light loamy soil and crop capacity of barley, and also the data about the efficiency of various doses of nitrogen fertilizer depending on the humus content are given in the article. It is found that the correlation dependence between the content of humus in the soil and crop capacity of barley acquires a parabola diagram with the vertex corresponding to the optimum content of humus at the level of 1,68–2,15%. It is also established that the most effective dose of nitrogen in cultivating barley on the agrisod-podzolic light loamy soil with the optimum content of humus is the dose of 120 kg/hectare of the primary plant nutrient.

This paper describes a method for isolating of total DNA from Rhizoctonia spp. mycelium and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) techniques for the identification of R. cerealis and R. solani species using selected species-specific molecular markers. Here are the examples of PCR – detection of these fungi presented in the collection of isolates collected in Belarus by the Institute of Plant Protection.

In crops chemical protection system, presented in agriculture, there are no secondary factors. It is important to take into consideration conditions of the chemical treatments and carry out technological requirements to achieve the aim on pesticide load reduction and related costs. Only in this case it is possible to get the crops reliable protection at minimal doses of the preparations application.

Under small-plot trial conditions the herbicide assortment in garden radish crops is done. The biological and economic efficiency of preparations teridox, EC, metaza 500 SC, butisan star SC is determined. The studied herbicides influence on biochemical composition of crop roots is determined.

Under small-plot trial conditions the herbicide assortment in garden radish crops is done. The biological and economic efficiency of preparations teridox, EC, metaza 500 SC, butisan star SC is determined. The studied herbicides influence on biochemical composition of crop roots is determined.

It is established that during vegetation period, such pest as winter noctuid in industrial plantation of strawberries develops in two generations. The pest overwinters in the soil on the depth of 17–24 cm in the stage of larva the forth age. Eggs hatching of larva first generation take places in the middle of June before the middle of July. The flight of Imago of second generation was observed before middle of August till the end of September, the eggs laying was noticed in the first and second decade of September essentially on fallows. The results of trials show that larva of first and second age are feeding on the underside of strawberries leaves. Starting from the third generation they move to the surface of the soil where are hiding and continue to feed only with part of plants only in twilight (from 21 till 24 hours). One larva of third and forth age, during one night can defeat 2–3 plants. It is established that application of predators Trichogramma evanescens Westw. In 4 times with interval 4–6 days making out 50–60 thousands insects on 1 ha has allowed to decrease population comparing to untreated squares (without predators) on 93,5– 96,0 %, plant defeat – 13,7–18,6 %, and productivity of plants to make better on 41,9 –44,3 %.

Species composition of major pests of apple and pear trees in fruit nurseries in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is specified. The results of the research show that the most numerous species are insects (92%) consisting of 29 families and 5 orders and the rest are mites of Tetranychidae, Bryobiidae and Siteroptidae family of Acariformes order among phytophages in this agrocenosis. Total species composition of harmful arthropods has 87 phytophages, including 79 species of insects and 8 species of mites. The mostnumerous species among insects were the objects of Lepidoptera order – 27 species, Coleoptera order – 24 species, Homoptera order – 21 species that requires a detailed study of the peculiarities of their biology and development of protective measures to reduce their number in a fruit nursery taking into account environmental and economic conditions.

The article considers the effect of weather conditions during sideshoot formation and growth vigor of clonal rootstocks on branching of annotinous apple seedlings in the nursery. The factors providing yield increase of crown seedlings have been defined. Branching habit of studied cultivars is shown.