The impact of sowing dates and associated temperature conditions on seed germination, duration of the pre-emergence period and the onset of ear flowering of four domestic maize hybrids was studied due to the two-year research (2024–2025) conducted on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in central Belarus . It was shown that under conditions of insufficient heat associated with early sowing during the second ten days of April, the duration of the periods from sowing to emergence and from emergence to ear flowering increased, and field losses of seed germination were the highest.

The paper presents the results of the research on assessing the impact of sugar beet sowing dates on its productivity and weediness caused by volunteer rape plants. It’s established that the sowing date has a more significant impact on sugar beet productivity than residual weediness of crops by volunteer rape plants. The optimal sowing date for sugar beet is the 1-2nd decade of April when the maximum root crop yield of 57.5-58.5 t/ha is obtained against the highest weediness (1.6-4.2 pcs/m²)caused by volunteer rape plants.

The effect of four sowing dates (April 16–17, May 2, May 15–16, and June 3) on the plant growth of four domestic maize hybrids (Polesky 111, Vivalen 3218, Polesky 212, and Daryan) was studied due to the two-year research (2024–2025) conducted on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the north eastern part of Belarus. It was established that plant height of the studied maize hybrids varied to a greater extent (v = 5.3%) than under the influence of sowing dates (v = 4.2%) and annual conditions (v = 2.6%). If the hybrid enters the cob anthesis stage at a lower plant height at different sowing dates, it remains the same by the end of growth (r = 0.75–0.87), which is influenced by the temperature regime. There is a close direct relationship between the average daily growth of plants in height and the average daily air temperature from germination to flowering of cobs in maize hybrids (r = 0.70–0.94).

The article summarizes the results of the research on the relationship between oats yield and methods and time of tillage. It was established that violation of optimal dates of plough reduced oats yield by 4.4–9.3%, depending on the cultivation technology. When chisel tillage substituted for ploughing oats yield decreased by 2.4%, on average, while disking reduced yield by 7.9%. Under semi-fallow tillage, oats yield increased by 6.9–7.7%.

With growing winter barley on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil using chisel and disk cultivating, soil moisture increased by 0.3–1.5% compared to plowing, depending on the plant development stage. The studied preceding crops and tillage methods had no significant effect on soil hardness or weed infestation of winter barley. Under the influence of the cruciferous preceding crop, the ammonium nitrogen content in soil decreased by 23.2% compared to leguminous one, grain nitrogen content by 35.5%, and minimal tillage by 2.0–9.9%.

Based on multiple individual selections a new competitive variety of yellow lupine, Muza, has been created and adapted to the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Based on the results of two year trials, the Muza variety was included in the State Register of Varieties. The article presents the results of competitive and state variety testing of the Muza variety. According to the test results, the average seed yield varied from 18,4 to 20,0 c/ha, crude protein content ranged from 39,1 to 45,8%, and the growing season for grain production lasted from 82 to 102 days. The variety is resistant to lodging and shedding, and characterized by uniformity of seed ripening.

This paper analyzes the phytopathological situation in spring barley in 2024–2025. The analysis of the composition of seed treatments and fungicides permitted for the use in compliance with the “State Register of Plant Protection Products and Fertilizers, approved for the use in the Republic of Belarus” for protection of spring barley against diseases was conducted. The biological efficiency of modern seed treatments and fungicides in protecting spring barley from basic diseases is presented.

The species composition of fungi contaminating leguminous crop seeds in Belarus was established. Seed infection with the pathogens of Alternaria leaf spot, Fusarium leaf spot, chocolate spot, and Ascochyta leaf spot, as well as saprophytic fungi was determined. The main pathogens of fodder bean, pea, and soybean seeds from the genera Alternaria Nees, Fusarium Link., Botrytis fabae Sardiña., Ascochyta spp., Cladosporium Link., Mucor Fr., Rhizopus Ehrenb., Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium Link were identified. The most common diseases affecting leguminous crops during the early vegetation were noted.

Under the conditions of 2024–2025 a comparative assessment of forecasting the dates of the onset of aphid hatching on apple trees was carried out using the iMetos weather station model and regression equation, which showed that the deviation in dates was 0 and 1 day in 2024, respectively, and 14–19 days and 4–10 days, respectively, in 2025.

The article presents the results of the research on the impact of phosphine-containing preparation on Coleoptera stock pests of the family Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae and Silvanidae in 2024–2025. For the first time, the biological efficiency of the fumigants Dacfosal, TAB, Fumifast, TAB and Fumishans, TAB for protecting grain processing products (flour and groats) was evaluated on simulation models. It was established that the use of fumigants ensured 100 % mortality of target pests. Optimal regulations for the use of preparations were indicated, which included the temperature conditions of the air and processed products, as well as exposure time and degassing period. The obtained data confirmed high prospects of fumigation as a key method for protecting grain processing products from stock pests.

The article describes the inheritance of some marker traits in generations F1 and F2 of mutant oil flax lines obtained under the influence of chemical supermutagens. The monogenic type of inheritance of chlorophyll color of plants (xanthoviridis and xantha) is confirmed. The inheritance of white corolla petals in oil flax is the result of the recessive gene. The monogenic recessive nature of inheritance of the trait "cream color of anthers" is established. In the inheritance of the trait "pink color of the corolla petals," there is an interaction of non-allelic genes, which occurs by the dominant epistasis type.

As a result of route surveys of oil flax in the republic, it’s established that the development of anthracnose in 2024 was 4,3 %-11,4 %, in 2025 the development ranged from 6,2 to 18,8 % with a spread from 24,8 % to 69,1 %. The infection of seeds with phytopathogenic mycrophlora was determined, which was represented by the genera Fusarium (up to 2,5 %), Colletotrichum (up to 2,5 %), Ozonium (up to 62,5 %), as well as other saprotrophs (up to 9,5 %), bacteria (up to 15,5 %). The genotypes were evaluated for resistance to anthracnose under conditions of infection load. The varieties with disease development of 42,9 % (Slavyanin) and 43,2 % (Krok), providing average resistance to anthracnose, were identified.

The paper demonstrates the results of the research on the use of desiccation in commercial fiber flax plantings conducted in 2023-2025. The impact of the main active ingredients of desiccants, permitted for the use on fiber flax, on harvesting, yield and quality of flax products is determined.