The paper presents the results of the research on the impact of sowing dates on winter wheat yield under the conditions of the central part of Belarus. Due to the findings it’s established that for the 2024-2025 research period the highest winter wheat yield – 75.3–75.6 c/ha on average for all studied varieties was obtained during the third, fourth, and fifth sowing periods, from September 20–21 to October 10. The yield formation was primarily due to the productive stem growth, which in turn depended on the sowing date and weather conditions throughout the whole growing season.

The potential of using oats seed storage proteins as biochemical markers to confirm the genetic relations between parental forms and their hybrids is demonstrated. It’s established that long-stem and short-stem parental components are genetically distinct; however short-stem components form a single common cluster. Based on statistical processing of the data of seeds polymorphic protein spectra the genetic relation between the created backcrossed short-stem lines and long-stem parental forms is confirmed.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of inheriting the key economically important traits: grain weight per spike, number of grains in the main spike and 1000-grain weight by winter soft wheat hybrids of the first generation, using phenotypic dominance and heterosis indices. Dominance levels varied, depending on the cross combination and the trait under study from overdominance to depression. The maximum true heterosis for grain weight per spike and positive heterosis for number of grains in the main spike and 1000-grain weight were observed in the Nemchinovskaya 17 × Elegiya hybrid combination. In this hybrid combination the inheritance for all studied traits was overdominant.

The paper presents the results of studying new yellow lupine variety Sopernic, in competitive and state variety testing in terms of the vegetation period duration, green mass yield, protein content and yield, and alkaloid content. According to the two year results of testing, the Sopernic variety was included in the State Register of Varieties. The seed yield was 25.0–25.5 c/ha. The protein content varied from 42.9 to 44.3%, the protein yield was 9.2–9.6 c/ha, and the alkaloid content was 0,050–0,056%. The vegetation period before harvesting for green mass was 49–70 days, and for grain it was 76–98 days.

The paper presents the results of the study of spring rape varieties and samples in competitive variety trials from 2020 to 2023. The material was evaluated for key economically important traits. The most favorable years for spring rape growth and development were 2020 and 2022. The correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight, the number of first order branches and number of pods per plant was identified.

The induced chemical mutagenesis of Triticum durum Desf was newly conducted using sodium azide under laboratory conditions in Tadzhikistan. The seeds were pre-treated with mutagen at concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 mm and various exposures of 2-3 hours. An efficient concentration of sodium azide (2-3mM) was established for the studied wheat species. The findings indicate that sodium azide changes the morpho-physiological parameters of durum wheat. It’s shown that this mutagen delays growth processes and enhances the ratio of photosynthetic pigments, as well as antioxidant protection systems in durum wheat.

The paper presents the analysis of the entomological situation in winter bird rape. It was established that during summer-autumn vegetation in 2021–2023 rape sawfly and diamondback moth emerged, having little impact on the growth and development of the crop, as well as subsequent overwintering. During spring-summer vegetation in 2022 2024 cabbage stem weevil, rape blossom beetle and seed weevil caused constant damage to winter bird rape. Average daily air and soil temperatures were determined at which the emergence and mass flying of phytophages in the crop agrocenosis were observed. The correlation between pest development and the phenological stages of winter bird rape plants was identified. The obtained findings are the basis for establishing phytophages harmfulness during spring-summer vegetation of winter bird rape.

The paper presents the results of monitoring spring barley plantings in the experimental fields of the Institute of Plant Protection and on farms across the republic in 2023–2025. It was noted that economically significant pest species in agrocenoses were Agriotes lineatus L., Oscinella pusilla Mg., Chaetocnema sp., Phyllotreta vittula Redt., Oulema melanopus L., Sitobion avenae F., and Rhopalo siphum padi L., and their economic injury levels were clarified. It was established that the use of barley seed protectants with an insecticidal component reduced plant damage caused by wireworms by 80,3–86,2 % and by frit f lies by 64,5–80,8 %. The application of insecticides at the 1–2 leaf stage provided the effect against pests at the level of 72,1–89,0 %. At the flag leaf stage the efficiency of treatments against leaf beetles and sawflies was 82,9–100 %, and against cereal aphids – 87,6–97,4 %.

The article presents the results of assessing the harmfulness of herbivorous thrips in agrocenoses of cabbage for 2023 2025 years. It’s established that the degree of damage to leaves on varieties and hybrids that differ in ripeness groups and the level of susceptibility to phytophages against the background of the influence of abiotic factors varied by the time of harvesting <1–42,2 %. Under the conditions of a latent vitality of populations in cabbage plantings a high biological efficiency of the insecticide Eforia, SC (lambdacyhalothrin, 106 g/l + thiamethoxam, 141 g/l) was obtained at the rate of 0,4 l/ha at the level of 69,2–80,0 %.

The article demonstrates the role of the Republic of Belarus in addressing global issues of climate and environmental security. The analysis of the statistical data on the volumes and dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in the country is presented. The national climate policy is emphasized, aimed at activities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate changes.