The paper presents the results of a route survey to assess the infestation of sugar beet plantings with rape fallen seeds. The harmfulness of rape seeds fall is studied. A close correlation is established between the productivity of sugar beet and the number of rape plants (r=0.93-0.95) and their weight (r=0.99). Biological thresholds of harmfulness are calculated for the number of weeds 0.2-0.25 pcs./m² and their weight 210.5-243.2 g/m².

The article presents the results of the studies on the impact of maize cultivation technology on the yield and economic efficiency of subsequent cultivation of spring barley. It was established that when cultivating maize after plowing with the use of the herbicides Volnik Super, WS (2.5 l/ha) and Gardo Gold, SC (4.0 l/ha) with a pesticide load on the environment of 3.38 kg/ha of active ingredient, the yield of the subsequent barley was 34.8 c/ha, the net income was 41.06 rubles/ha, and profitability was 2.4%. Those indicators were approximately at the same level (34.4–35.2 c/ha, 22.88–59.23 rubles/ha, 1.3–3.5%) when preceding maize was cultivated after semi-fallow soil tillage and stubble oil radish with the application of the herbicides MaisTer Power, OD (1.5 l/ha) and Adengo, SC (0.4 l/ha). The pesticide load was 0.09–0.19 kg/ha of active ingredient, i.e. it reduced by 94.4–97.3%.

The article presents the results of the research on a set of economically important traits of white lupine varieties created by intraspecific hybridization and evaluated against the infectious anthracnose background. The most early ripening variety samples with determinate type of branching BL-280-E, BL-282-E, BL-253-E, BL-260-E, BL-222-E and vegetative period of 111–123 days were identified. In terms of seed yield the variety samples BL-300, BL-317, BL-320, BL-307, BL-M-19, BL-303 (45,7–53,0 c/hа) were the best among the samples with sympodial branching and the samples BL-222-E, BL-282-E, BL-253-E, BL-280-E (37,7–41,6 c/hа) – the best among the samples with epigonal branching.

A close relation (r = 0.87) is established between the amount of additional mobilization of soil nitrogen and the yield increases of cereals and rapes when nitrogen fertilizers are applied. The share of «extra» nitrogen in the formation of crop yield increases ranges from 21 to 75%. The average yield increases are from 3-4 c/ha of spring rape oil seeds to 14-17 c/ha of winter wheat grain due to «extra» nitrogen. The relative yield increases calculated per unit of additionally mobilized soil nitrogen, amount to (centner of grain or oil seeds/kg of «extra» nitrogen): winter wheat – 0.2-0.4, winter rye – 0.3-0.4, spring wheat, barley, peas with oats – 0.1-0.3, spring rape – 0.1-0.2. Higher relative yield increases are observed on winter cereals.

The paper presents the studies conducted under laboratory conditions in 2024–2025. Based on the results of route surveys of pea fields in the republic in 2024 and the phytoexpertise of seeds, 15 isolates of pathogens causing fusarium root rot were isolated into pure culture. The aggressiveness of the identified isolates was established, among which 6.18, 6.28, 6.33 – Fusarium oxysporum, 9.14, 9.56, 9.68 – Fusarium avenaceum were highly aggressive, the development of the disease was 65.2–87.6%. Using the roll method, 66 pea samples were assessed for resistance to fusarium root rot. One highly resistant and 13 resistant samples were identified.

The paper presents the results of the laboratory research on morphological and cultural traits of Rhynchosporium spp. fungi affecting winter rye and barley. During the studies it was noted that the composition of the nutrient medium influenced the growth rate and intensity of spore formation. All the studied fungi isolates (isolated from winter rye and barley) were characterized by a slow growth rate in culture and a low sporulating ability. It was established that «rye» and «barley» isolates were differentiated by temperature factor. Variability in the appearance and character of the colony structure was observed. The difference in the number of coloring types was identified. PCR analysis allowed establishing two species of the analyzed genus: R. graminicola affected winter barley, R. secalis - winter rye.

The article presents the assessment of the efficiency of the insecticides Ostrog, OC (0.15 l/ha), Aspid, SC (0.15 l/ha), Stikhiya, OE (0.3 l/ha), Borey Neo, SC (0.12 l/ha) and Beretta, OD (0.4 l/ha) against winter cress pests during the spring-summer vegetation period. It’s established that spraying crops with these preparations allows reducing the damage caused by cabbage stem weevil larvae by 71.9–73.6% and the number of rape blossom beetle imago up to 87.8–90.6%, as well as to reduce the damage to pods by seed weevil larvae by 71.1–73.3% in relation to the variant without treatment. Protection of winter cress from a set of phytophages made it possible to save 2.9–3.5 c/ha of oilseeds and obtain the net income of 209.8–236.8 rubles/ha.

The paper presents the species composition and structural indicators of arthropod communities during the long-term storage of cereal crop seeds. It was established that in 2021–2022, 22 species of storage pests were found in seed grain storage facilities. For the first time, differences in the quantitative species composition were identified depending on the storage periods of winter and spring cereals. In loaded storage facilities, 5 species from 2 orders were found during storing seeds for 9 months; 15 species from 3 orders – for 13-24 months; in unloaded ones –18 species from 4 orders were found. For 2 years of storing cereal crop seeds flour mite (Acarus siro L.) was eudominant (the dominance index was 43,5–75,4%).

Based on many years of research, algorithms have been developed for phenological forecast for the periods of emergence of the first butterflies of codling moth after wintering and the beginning of hatching of the first summer generation worms. The starting point for making forecasts is the date of a stable transition (at least 3 days) of the average daily air temperature through +10 ºС and twilight temperatures through +15 ºС. It’s established that the main predictors of the beginning of a pest’s development are the average daily air temperature and the duration of the photoperiod. Using the developed forecasts, it is possible to determine the periods of summer beginning and worm hatching with a high degree of accuracy and plan protective measures in advance.

The paper presents the results of the research on the dynamics of degradation of residues of pesticides active ingredients residues in soil, green mass of pea and green pea. It’s shown that longer decomposition periods in soil are typical of bifenthrin (up to 14 days), fludioxonil (up to 31 days) and mefenoxam (up to 37 days). Detoxication of quizalofop-P-ethyl, bentazone, imazamox, chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, thiamethoxam and flutriafol in green mass of pea occurred after 5-7 days, for difenoconazole – 7-14 days, and for mefenoxam and fludioxonil – 30-37 days. Residues were not detected in green pea yield.

The paper presents the results of the research on the influence of types of mineral and organomineral fertilizers on the yield and biochemical composition of daikon root crops.