The article summarizes the results of the research conducted under the conditions of Belarus on the effi  ciency of soil cultivation techniques. It’s established that basic, fallow and pre-seeding tillage must be carried out taking into account granulometric composition of soil. This will make it possible to realize the productivity potential of cultivated crops, contribute to solving the problem of resource saving in crop production, reducing the intensity of water and wind erosion, and increasing soil fertility.

The studies were conducted in the Research and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Arable Farming in 2022–2023 on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. It’s established that organic fertilizers (50 t/ha of cattle manure) promote a better growth of maize planted after barley irrespective of water availability during the vegetative period. At the same time, when the amount of precipitation is close to the average annual value, the height of plants is 1.4 times higher compared to MayJune when precipitation level is 30 mm. Without organic fertilizers the application of urea (60–150 kg/ha of a.i.) before sowing or fractionally with additional fertilizing at the 7-8 leaf stage ensures an increase in plant height, and this is observed only with the application of 50 t/ha of manure and deficiency of precipitation in May-June.

The results of the studies conducted in 2021-2023 on sodpodzolic cohesive sandy soil in the central part of Belarus are presented. It’s established that when sowing the seeds of maize hybrids Frodo, Korint and Neutrino with laboratory germination of about 100 % in the last third of April the risk load to the optimal plant density should be 6–10 %. The optimal density of plants grown for silage for the abovementioned hybrids should be 91–95 thousand/ha. Korint and Neutrino among them have a higher productivity. The same plant density is optimal when growing Frodo and Korint hybrids for grain, showing the highest yield. Getting plant density from 74 to 109 thousand per 1 hectare promotes a slight reduction of plant height and humidity increase in green mass and grain. Weather conditions and genotype have a more significant impact on these indicators.

The innovative technology of using nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea is the most efficient one under extreme weather conditions of spring wheat vegetation. The technology ensured the formation of 53.3 c/ha of grain yield on average for 2 years. The content of protein and gluten, sedimentation and general assessment of bread meet the requirements of the 1st class and valuable wheat. Compared to the basic one, the innovative technology provides 2.5 c/ha increase in grain yield while reducing the total dose of fertilizer nitrogen by 25 kg/ha of active ingredient and receiving additional profit of about 200 rubles/ha.

The paper deals with the results of a comparative genetic and selective characterization of F1 rye hybrids developed on the basis of G- and P-type CMS systems. It is shown that F1 G-CMS compared to F1 P-CMS hybrids are characterized by a higher ear fertility (on average by 12 %) and consequently, by increased productivity. The heterosis level of F1 G-CMS hybrids was 13.1–81.4 %, while for F1 P-CMS hybrids it was 5.7–35.0 %. Ten highly heterotic combinations were identified for the use in breeding of hybrid varieties of winter rye.

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of economically important traits of winter soft wheat accessions and their correlation with yield, and substantiates the optimal values of morphological parameters of a plant corresponding to the model of a promising variety of winter soft wheat for soil and climate and agrotechnical conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In the process of studying the accessions of various ecological and geographical origin the varieties with individual traits or a set of economically important traits were identified; they were recommended to be used as parent forms for creating a new variety of winter soft wheat.

The paper summarizes the results of the long-term studies on the structure of phytopathogenic complex of pathogens of carrot root rot during storage. The dominance of white rot pathogen – fungus S. sclerotiorum, the occurrence frequency of which varies from 67.3 to 80.0 %, is established. The influence of seeding dates and varietal features of table carrot on the disease damage of roots during storage is identified. The preference of sowing carrot in the last third of May – the first third of June is experimentally proved. The most disease resistant varieties and hybrids of table carrot grown in the republic are identified. The efficiency of promising fungicides in increasing the yield of marketable carrot roots from 83.0 to 99.7 % at the end of autumn-winter storage is evaluated.

The article presents the results of research on the establishment of a biological threshold for the harmfulness of Sonchus arvensis L. in spring barley and corn crops.

Yield losses of spring barley and corn are determined by the amount of Sonchus arvensis L., the vegetative mass formed by it and depend on the prevailing weather conditions. The biological threshold of harmfulness of Sonchus arvensis L. in spring barley crops, at which there was a significant decrease in grain yield, was 1,2–2,2 pcs./m², in corn crops cultivated for green mass 2,8–3,3 pcs./m², in corn crops for grain – 2,0–4,2 pcs./m².

The paper presents the results of potato tubers rottenness by the end of storage. It’s established that rots of fungal etiology in a pure form were dominant and their occurrence over the years of the research on average was 85.9–97.6 and 87.3–95.9 %, respectively. The most common disease was fusarium dry rot. The share of bacterial rots varied from 2.4 to 14.1%. The symptoms of wet rot were noted on potato tubers with a prevalence of up to 1.1%. The occurrence of mixed rots was 4.1–12.7 % with dominant diseases (88.5–100%) of bacterial-fungal/pseudofungal etiology.

Monitoring of weeds in crops is the basis for taking protective actions, allowing to obtain high grain yields. The paper presents the results of route surveys for 2021–2023 in winter triticale in the republic. Based on the surveyed fields, 40–54 species of weeds were identified. The average infestation in the Northern agroclimatic zone was 54.8 pieces/m² of weeds, in the South zone – 49.1 pieces/m² and the Central zone – 47.1 pieces/m². Among dicotyledonous weeds field violet, climbing buckwheat, white campion, field speedwell, knotweed and white pigweed are frequent; among monocotyledonous ones – wind grass, barnyard millet and creeping wheatgrass.

The article presents the economic efficiency of using new types of different humic fertilizers for growing tomatoes and cucumbers in spring and summer greenhouses. The calculation of the economic efficiency of tomato and cucumber production was made on the basis of the technological maps, as well as on the cost of the yield increase when carrying out agrotechnical activities. Production costs for planting material, salaries, fuels, costs for protection products and fertilizers, polymer shelters and drip irrigation were calculated based on technological regulations and standard guidelines.