The research established that in case of using non-mold- board, multi-depth tillage, the development of the root system and above-ground parts of plants in the autumn period was 3.5 and 1.7 times higher than when cultivating after plowing. The effectiveness of non-moldboard, multi-depth tillage with the application of Ecogum Bio fertilizer at a dose of 4.0 l/ha was identified. In that case the microbiological activity of soil increased by 1.8–2.1 times compared to plowing, and the yield of winter rye was 61.0–62.2 dt/ha or increased by 18.4–18.9%. Also fuel consumption decreased by 9 l/ha, and production costs reduced by 40.8%. This will make it possible to increase the economic efficiency of production and preserve soil fertility.

The paper presents the results of the research conducted for many years, which indicate the importance of the main agricultural techniques of oat grain production under soil and climate conditions of Belarus. It’s established that the main yield increases or losses occur at the time of sowing, the level of nitrogen nutrition of plants and chemical protection of crops from weeds. To obtain the highest yield, along with the above agricultural techniques, it is necessary to use modern highly productive varieties, apply the entire complex of chemical protection against harmful organisms as well as to use microfertilizers and plant growth regulators.

Two-year research (2022–2023) conducted in the Research and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Arable Farming on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil showed that with early sowing (28 and 19 April), when the temperature did not reach 10 ° C, the average duration of the pre-emergence period of maize hybrids Daryan and Polessky 202 was 23 days, with optimal sowing (12 and 3 May) it was 6 days shorter. The increase of planting depth of seeds with the 1000-grain weight of 193–323 g from 2–3 cm to 6–7 cm at both sowing dates leads to the extension of the pre-emergence period by 2 days on average. Despite the 2-week sowing difference cob flowering begins only 1–3 or 2–8 days later, depending on the weather conditions. A higher germination of seeds at both sowing dates and under favorable water conditions of the top layer of soil is provided by shallow planting to the depth of 2–3 cm. Otherwise, better germination indicators are achieved with the depth increase. On average, over 2 years of the research,4-5 cm depth planting is optimal for seeds with high laboratory germination (more than 96%) and 2–3 cm depth planting for seeds with lower laboratory indicators. The optimal sowing time compared to the early one, as well as the increase in planting depth from 2–3 cm to 6–7 cm, contribute to the height increase at the end of maize plants growing.

A review of the literature on climate change and forecasts of warming in the Republic of Belarus is made, frost hardiness of winter crops and factors influencing it are described. The analysis of actual data on minimum negative temperatures and snow depth during wintering for 2011–2023 is made for three weather stations (Brest, Minsk and Vitebsk) representing the entire territory of the country. The conclusion made is that, despite the tendency towards climate warming, for the next decade frosts will remain the main factor determining winter hardiness of winter field crops. The conditional probability of winter crops death in different regions of the country is calculated.

As a result of studying 43 accessions of spring triticale of various ecological and geographical origins, the sources of economically important traits were identified: high grain yield, short stems, grain content of the ear, 1000-grain weight, grain quality, resistance to the most harmful leaf diseases, as well as a complex of economically important traits, which were recommended for use in breeding.

The article presents the results of assessing the yield capacity and 1000-grain weight of 40 winter triticale varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in order to identify genetic sources for creation of high-yielding varieties. It was established that the varieties from Belarus, Ukraine and Poland had a high grain yield with an average 1000-grain weight, and Russian varieties had a high yield with a higher 1000-grain weight.

The paper describes an improved system of protective measures in warehouses against stock pests, which is based on different ways (wet and aerosol treatment) of rational use of insecticides, insectoacaricides and fumigants taking into account the phytosanitary situation on the species composition of insects and mites, air tightness and load of granaries, temperature, chemical classes and the effect of chemicals. The flow diagram is presented which allows making strategic decisions on grain protection from stock pests.

The article presents the results of monitoring the phytosanitary state of winter coleseed cultivated in the republic. It’s established that annual dicotyledonous species predominate in weed cenosis of the crop. Alternaria, sclerotinia, phomosis and occasionally powdery mildew are observed among the diseases. Rapeseed flea beetle, stem pod gnat, rapeseed flower beetle, seed pod gnat and cabbage pod gnat are the most common phytophages. In the field experiments, the research was conducted on the efficiency of plant protection products against dominant species of pests. It was established that as a result of protective measures, the number of annual dicotyledonous weeds decreased by 68.3–87.7%, the number of rapeseed flower beetle – by 83.0–86.3%, and seed secrecy beetle – by 66.1–84.5%. The use of disinfectants for protection of winter coleseed from micromycetes showed their high inhibitory activity at the level of 84.6–100%, as well as suppression of infection at the initial stages of ontogenesis of the crop with a reliably preserved seed yield. The biological efficiency of the fungicide Amistar Gold, SC against sclerotinia was 68.3–91.8%, Alternaria – 70.5– 88.8%.

The paper presents the research data on the complex effect of manure, biohumus and mineral fertilizers, as well as the after-effect of cover crops on the yield, nitrate content and biochemical composition in zucchini products grown in the field with using drip irrigation on sod-podzolic soils of light mechanical composition.

The paper presents the data of two-year and three-year research on the economic efficiency of the main agricultural techniques when growing tomatoes and cucumbers in spring-summer greenhouses. The economic assessment is given, including production costs, net income and profitability of products. The economic efficiency of growing tomato and cucumber varieties of different ripeness groups, as well as fertilizer doses and substrate compositions for growing tomato seedlings are identified. The types of substrates in a container technology for tomatoes and cucumbers with drip irrigation are also determined.

The antimicrobial potential of fungicides against phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae was analyzed. The activity of contact action preparations based on copper hydroxide, mancoceb and dodine and kasugamycin systemic action preparation was identified under in vitro conditions. Different sensitivity of Pss strains to copper compounds, delan and captan was established.

The analysis of 19 strains of phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae identified in four regions of Belarus showed that 100% of isolates were tolerant to 0.72 mM of copper, and 21 % of them – to 1.08 mM. This indicates the availability of populations of the agent of this disease, which are resistant to copper, in fruit orchards of the republic. Artificial inoculation of pear fruits (Velesa and Chizhovskaya varieties) with Pss11.9 shows that treatment with Ditan Neo Tek 75 and Kasumin reduces the intensity of the development of this disease by 33–45%.