The article highlights the issues of creation and formation of the National bank of seeds of the gene pool of economically useful plants. The results of the conservation, study and use of genetic resources for the creation of new highly effective domestic varieties and hybrids in order to ensure the food security of the country are shown.

The issues of yield and quality of vegetable pea using six variants of crop protection systems are considered in the article. It was found that pea yield varied from 47,4-60,4 dt/ha depending on the protection system applied. On the average for two years, the highest pea yield (57,1 dt/ha) was obtained in the variant with the use of biological preparations only; the variants with ecologized protection and biological protection exceeded significantly all other variants on the average for two years. Biochemical quality of the grain with the use of plant protection agents increased as well: crude fat content increased from 2,45 to 2,91 %, protein content increased from 27,34 to 28,80 %, sugar content increased from 4,75 to 5,17 %.

As a result of research on the collection material of winter soft wheat, varieties with the highest content of protein and gluten in the grain were identified: Jing 9428, Yangmai 11, Gaoyou 9618 (China), PL 145 (USA) and Nurlu 99 (Azerbaijan). According to the collection of protein per unit area, on average over the years of study, varieties that exceeded the Elegy control were distinguished: Samurai, Fagus, Platin, Batis, Acratos, Skagen, Bonanza, Cubus, Catalus, Etana and Dromos (Germany), Knyaginya Olga and Ukrainka Odessa (Ukraine); for gluten collection - samples from Germany: Acratos, Samurai, Batis, Fagus, Platin, Skagen, Etana, Catalus, Cubus, Dromos and Bonanza.

The article presents the results of studies on the prevalence of bacterial diseases in potato plantings. It is shown that during the years of research, the infection of varieties with bacterioses with a demonstration on the root system reached 29,5 %, on the stem - 34,5 %. In the examined samples, the occurrence of symptoms of damage to the root system reached 32,3 %, the stem - 21,5 %, in the complex - 18,5 %. Using the method of immunochromatography in the affected plant samples, a complex of pathogens of black leg, ring rot and bacterial canker of tomato (potato race) was detected.

The article presents the results of studying the effectiveness of fungicides in the fight against open-ground tomato blight in 2020-2021. The studies were carried out on a natural infectious background. The biological effectiveness of fungicides in protecting against the pathogen in 2020 was 78,1-97,0 % on the 7th day of accounting and 66,983,7 % on the 14th, in 2021-36,5-99,3 % and 2,1-54,0 % respectively. By reducing the development of blight in tomato plantings, the yield of healthy fruits reached 33,9-80,7 % complex of pathogens of black leg, ring rot and bacterial canker of tomato (potato race) was detected.

The article presents data on the effectiveness of the use of preparations Folicur BT, EC, (1,0 l/ha), Caramba, EC, (0,8 l/ha), Dogoda, EC, (0,8-1,0 l/ha) on red clover variety Vitebchanin. The autumn application of fungicides increases the overwintering of red clover by 12,2-12,9 %. Observation of the growth and development of plants has shown that these processes are closely dependent on the prevailing meteorological conditions and the initial development of the culture. The highest indicators of seed yield were recorded in the variants with the use of preparations in the spring - 30,0-58,0 % higher than the control, making seed production more profitable.

The article presents the results of studies on the economic efficiency of using the microbial preparation Polybakt, G in the cultivation of fiber flax. Its positive effect on the yield of flax seeds and flax straws has been established. The introduction of the microbial preparation Polybakt, G under autumn plowing provides an increase in the yield of flax seeds by 0,6 c/ha or 6,6 %, profitability - by 3,3 %. Microbial preparation Polybakt, G (3,0 l/ha) when applied to the soil and treatment of crops for vegetation in the "herringbone" phase with preparations Ecogum Bio, VR (2,0 l/ha) and Ecosil, VE (0,1 l/ha) under production conditions ensured an increase in the yield of flax straw by 5,6 c/ha or 11,2 % with its yield of 56,9 c/ha; flax seeds - by 1,7 c/ha or 8,7 % with a yield of 10,7 c/ha, as well as the quality of flax straw 1,75; profitability increased by 18,1 % compared to the basic cultivation technology.

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of using oilseed radish as a green fertilizer when growing tomatoes in unheated greenhouses, presented on soils. According to two-year studies, it was found that the use of oil radish 22 t/ha in combination with a dose of mineral fertilizers N₉₅P₉₀K₁₂₀ increased fruit yield by 2,1 kg/m² or 31 %.