Characteristic properties of buckwheat varieties depending on ploidy and morphotypes are shown in the paper. The descriptions of new varieties, such as diploid Menka and tetraploid Omega, are presented. The requirements to basic cultivation technology elements are described.

The article presents the results of determining the degree of reaction of winter wheat varieties to changes in growing conditions during their testing in the central region of the Republic of Belarus. The necessity of these tests is proved, since the values of the degree of reaction characterize the properties of the variety, its plasticity, stability and homeostaticity. The allocated sources are recommended to be used in practical breeding to create varieties with high adaptive potential.

The article presents the results of the study of complex fertilizers for pre-sowing application and foliar dressings, chelated microfertilizers, growth regulators and complex microfertilizers with growth regulators on the photosynthetic activity of crops and the yield of spring triticale grain. It has been established that the use of the studied preparations has a positive effect on the indicators of photosynthetic activity and, as a result, on the yield of triticale grain.

On peat-gley soil, the effect of increasing doses of potash fertilizers and soil supply with mobile potassium on the intake of ¹³⁷Cs in spring wheat grain and hay of perennial legume- grass grasses was studied. With the content of P₂O₅ 748 mg/kg and K₂O 625 mg/kg in the soil, the most effective under spring wheat is the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in doses of P₆₀K₁₂₀, which reduces the flow of ¹³⁷Cs into grain by an average of 24 %. When cultivating perennial legumes and grasses, the maximum reduction in the content of ¹³⁷Cs in hay (2.2–3.0 times) is ensured by the use of phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of P₆₀ and potash fertilizers at a dose of K₂₄₀.

The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of the green mass of perennial legumes. Among the studied crops, the maximum content of digestible protein in dry matter of green mass was noted in the forest rank (184 g/ kg). The green mass of the tuberous rank, chickpea astragalus, forest peas and meadow ranks has a higher content of BEV in comparison with the meadow clover variety Vitebschanin (by 11,5 %; 7,5; 3,2 and 1,6 % respectively). In terms of protein collection in green mass for three years of using grass stands, the forest rank and meadow rank are 27,3 and 24,3 % respectively higher than the meadow clover variety Vitebschanin.

In the article the data on the influence of weather conditions (average daily air temperature, relative air humidity, sum of precipitation of the 2019–2021 growing seasons of the development of dominant aphid species – English grain aphid (Sitibion avenae F.), bird cherry aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.)) in spring wheat crops are presented. The results of efficiency evaluation of contact and combined insecticides in their number and harmfulness decrease are shown. In the conditions of 2021 at bird cherry aphid number 10,3 indiv./stem which is higher than the threshold values (EHT 9,0–10,0 indiv./stem), the studied insecticides have provided with the phytophage density decrease for 87,3–99,4 %, keeping 1,4–3,8 cwt./ha of grain.

The results of registered examinations of a new seed disinfectant Tirada of corn seed in years 2020–2021 were described in the article. It was found that the fungicidal disinfectant Tirada, SC at a dosage of 2,0 l/t proved to be at the level of the highly effective reference disinfectant Maxim XL, SC (1,0 l/t), as a result of which, on average, over 2 years, the field germination of seeds increased by 21,0 and 20,1 %, plant height – by 10 and 8 cm, the yield of green mass – by 128 and 102 c/ha, dry matter – by 36 and 26 c/ha, respectively.

The effect of the herbicides Irwin, SE (S-metolachlor, 312,5 g/l + terbuthylazine, 187,5 g/l) and Kalach, SE (S-metolachlor, 400 g/l + mesotrione, 40 g/l) on weeds in maize was studied due to conducting experiments on small plots. The herbicides Irwin, SE (3,0–4,0 l/ha) and Kalach, SE (2,0–2,2 l/ha) proved effective when applied to dicotyledonous and grass weeds. The destruction of annual weeds in a month after preemergence application of the herbicide Irwin, SE amounted to 98,9–99,6 % and their weight reduced by 98,6–99 % in 2020. When the herbicide was applied at a “pricker” stage the destruction of weeds amounted to 99,9 % and their weight reduced by 98,8 %; when it was applied at a 2–3 leaf stage the destruction of weeds was 99,6–99,9 % and their weight decreased by 97,9–98,8 %. In 2021 as a result of application of the herbicide Kalach, SE (2,0–2,2 l/ga) at a 2–3 leaf stage the number of annual weeds reduced by 92,7–93,2 % and their weight – by 92,6–94,7 %.

Use of a plant growth regulator Architect (SE) in oilseed sunflower and fodder beans crops leads to a decrease in plant height, increases productivity and crop yield, and also provides a reduction in plant damage by a complex of phytopathogens. Crop yield growth against the case without the use of the growth regulator in oilseed sunflower crops is 2,9–4,0 centners per hectare, fodder beans crops – 5,2–8,8 centners per hectare.

The article presents the results of breeding work on flax in the RUE «Mogilev Regional Agricultural Experienced Station of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus». The economic and biological characteristics of new zoned varieties of flax of various groups of ripeness – Malahit, Dneprovskij, Stojkij and Nadezhnyj, which are characterized by high parameters of flapping productivity, their advantages are noted and potential capabilities for fiber yields, resistance to lonewathic and disease.

The article presents two-year research data on the assessment of the effect of fertilizer doses and plant density on the yield of eggplant fruits of the Patsekha variety. It was established that the yield for the growing season of eggplant was obtained at the level of 22,0–22,9 t/ha with a standing density of 42,8 thousand pieces per hectare, and with a standing density of 57,1 thousand pieces per hectare, the yield increased by 4, 3–4,7 t/ha.

On the basis of the studies performed, practical experience in the cultivation of highbush blueberries of analysis, as well as the analysis of literary sources, information is given on the timing, intensity, frequency and accuracy of plants depending on the stage of their ontogenesis.