When sowing alfalfa, both oats and a pea-oat mixture can be used as cover crops. Alfalfa germination rate under the cover of oats was 60–69 %, and under the pea-oat mixture – 59–69 %. A longer stay of alfalfa under the cover reduced its mass from 0,14 grams to 0,06–0,08 grams. Alfalfa wintering of the first year of life from under the cover of oats amounted to 92 %, and peaoat mixture – 90 %. An increase in the seeding rate of alfalfa from 4,5 to 10,5 million pcs. germinating seeds per 1 ha did not affect the yield of sowing alfalfa. The cover crop harvesting period on average for four years of use did not affect the yield of green mass, dry weight, the collection of crude protein and the exchange energy of sowing alfalfa.

In climatic conditions of the Grodno region on sod-podzolic sandy soil the study of efficiency of application of mineral fertilizers in crops of sunflower is carried out. In the course of research it was found a positive effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds. The yield of sunflower seeds from the use of macrofertilizers increased by 63,4–91,8 %, from the use of boron microfertilizers on different backgrounds NPK 1,5–16,7 %.

The impact revealed of the methods main tillage and fertilizers on the weeds of agricultural crops in crop rotation link: winter wheat after corn MVR (milk-wax ripeness) – peas – winter wheat in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that loosening the soil without dumps compared with plowing on the background of plowing in a crop rotation for row crops contributes to an increase in the number of weeds; this does not lead to an increase in their air-dry mass. Harrowing of crops with light harrows during their growing season has reduced weed infection. Mineral fertilizers (recommended in the region: N45P35K15 for peas, N60P60K30 for winter wheat; calculated on the planned crop: N50P30K20 and N90P80K70 respectively) contributed to an increase in the number of annual weeds and the mass of all weeds. The increase in the number of weeds and their mass in the crops of the crop rotation link did not lead to the appearance of a significant difference in yield in the experimental variants.

The article presents the results of studies on the efficiency of microfertilizers of «Gisinar linum», BP. It was found that in comparison with the standard for foliar treatment of flax plants increased: plant survival – by 1,8 %, seed yield – by 1,5 c/ha, the yield of total fiber – by 1,4 c/ha, long – by 0,9 c/ha, fiber quality – by one number.

The article describes the results of the experiment to study the effect of complex fertilizers, growth regulator and rhizobial inoculant on the growth dynamics, biomass accumulation of pea plants, photosynthetic activity and yield of peas on sod-podzolic light loam soil. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the level of mineral nutrition, inoculation of seeds with rhizobial inoculant, growth regulators and microfertilizers influence the size of the leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential and yield.

The article is showed the results of three-year research on the change in the elemental composition (N, P, K) of the phytomass of the essential oil, spicy aromatic and medicinal plant Monarda fistulosa L. in ontogenesis using mineral fertilizers and growth regulators. It was determined that with an increase in the applied dose of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers regardless of the pH of the soil there is an increase in the content of the main elements (N, P and K): the greatest amount of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulates in the vegetative phase, and potassium – in the reproductive phase. In the first year of vegetation treatment with trace elements and retardants did not affect the content of N, P and K in Monarda plants.

It is determined that in the intensive pear plantations have prevailed sucking pests from the orders Homoptera (pear psylla Psyllа pyri L. – up to 33,2 larvae on 2 m branches and green apple aphid Aphis pomi L. – up to 10 % of colonized shoots) and Acarina (pear leaf blister mite Eriophyes pyri Pgst. up to 30,2 of damaged leaves). From Coleoptera order on pear tree Byctiscus betulae L. has been revealed – up to 5,1 nests per tree, blossom beetle Anthonomus pomorum L. – up to 4,8 % of buds damaged. From phytophages of the order Lepidoptera codling moth Cydia pomonella L. has prevailed, pear fruits damage has reached 23,2 %.

Everywhere in the orchards the following diseases have dominated: pear scab (Venturia pirina) – development up to 10,2 %, brown (stemphylium) leaf spot (Stemphylium vesicarium) – severity up to 17,3 % and fruit rot (Monilia fructigena) – incidence up to 15 %. On Belarusian selection pear leaves rust (Gymnosporangium sabinae) has been determined – the severity on leaves up to 10,5 %, on foreign selection pear fruits stemphylium rot (Stemphylium vesicarium) – incidence – up to 4,5 %.

The dynamics of Fusarium genus fungi in grain crops for the last two decades is analyzed in the article. New for Belarus fusaria species F. graminearum Schwabe and F. cerealis (Cooke) Sacc. are determined. The retrospective analysis of conjugate variability of separate environmental parameters (decade rainfall amount, average air temperature, hydrothermal coefficient for the period of vegetation) and a degree of fusarium root rots development, head blight of barley, Fusarium and Alternaria blight of winter and spring wheat grain has been done.

This paper presents the effect of different fungicide disinfectants (Vershina, Bagrets, Inshur perform, Scarlet, Maxim XL, Vial-TT) on field germination of seeds, plant height and productivity of maize in sowing in late April and early May, and their economic efficiency is calculated. The application of the Maxim XL when early sowing of corn had significant superiority in the field germination rate seeds, which in an average 2017– 2019 studies were 8,2–14,1 per cent higher relative to other preparations and by 14,5 % – compared to the control variant with no chemical treatment of the seeds. A very big difference received in 2017 with a significant lack of heat and in connection with this long-lasting pre-emergence period (26 days), which amounted to 20,5–32,8 % and 34,8 %, respectively. On average, over a two-week sowing period, starting with the opening of the buds of gooseberries, Maxim XL showed the greatest collection of dry matter(DM) 160,6 c/ha, which is 3,4–10,7 c/ha higher than the options with other protectants. Regarding fungicide Scarlet, ME at a dose of 0,4 l/t, the difference is significant. When growing corn for grain its maximum productivity is provided at an early sowing period by the seeds treated with Maxim XL seed. Maxim XL, with both sowing periods, provides the highest net income and the lowest cost per feed unit when growing corn for silage. Only Vial-TT shows similar results during the May sowing. The best economic indicators for growing corn for grain are formed only with an early period of sowing and seed treatment with Maxim XL.

The rational use of herbicides is one of the necessary and basic factors for the progressive development of agriculture and obtaining high yields to provide the world’s population with food. In view of the high activity of modern herbicides (gram quantities), their use should be under strict control, since their residues can lead to catastrophic negative consequences not only on the environment, but also on obtaining future crops. So, the soil residues of herbicides adversely affect the germination and development of target plants, and sometimes on the root destroy culture. We propose an innovative approach for removing the toxic effect of soil residues of herbicides by developing complex protectants with the inclusion of antidotes for presowing seed treatment. The work presents a number of antidotes, the use of which as a part of protectants allowed to reduce the toxic effect of herbicide residues on the germination and development of a number of industrial crops-corn, sugar beet, rape, etc.

The results of researches on the evaluation of the growth regulators Architect, ES (0,75 l/ha), Caramba turbo, SC (1,0 l/ha) and Messidor, SC (0,75 l/ha) efficiency of application in fodder crops are presented in the article. It is determined that their application at stem formation stage (Code BBCH 34–35) of the crop has promoted the change of biometric plant parameters, setting of fruits, the seed productivity increase for 0,58–0,61 t/ha.

Winter wheat is the main food crop that is grown in all soil-climatic zones of Ukraine. Culture is affected by many diseases, mainly of a parasitic nature. Their pathogens are fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes. Disease control is associated with high economic costs and a pesticidal burden on the environment. Therefore, the creation of varieties of high-yielding and resistant to various diseases plays a crucial role in increasing the productivity of this crop.

The most common diseases in 2017–2018 during the growing season of winter wheat were: septoria of leaves, pyrenophorosis. It has been established that the development of setoriosis of leaves and pyrenorosis in variety Obereg Mironovsky charm was, on average, 1,8 times less during the years of research and 1,5 times less than in s variety Mydrost’ Odessa.

It should be noted that according to the results of our studies on average for 2017–2018 of the year the highest productivity was noted for growing relatively resistant to disease Obereg Mironovsky preserved and averaged 0,4 t/ha more than in variety Mydrost’ Odessa.

In the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, cultivars Obereg Mironovsky, Vodograi Belotserkovsky need to be grown, which have complex resistance to major diseases and at the same time guarantee high grain yield.

It is determined that as a result of significant volumes of glyphosate-containing herbicides application after harvesting the precursor, as well as chemical weeding during the growing season, the number of weeds in winter grain crops by harvesting coming continues to decrease close to the threshold values. Under weather conditions with mild winters, as well as in the conditions of minimal soil tillage, in winter grain crops , the weed species diversity is increased, for this, the singleness of occurrence of weeds non-typical for their agrophytocoenoses is seen. Further chemical method improvement is proposed.

The purpose of the research was to determine the biometric parameters and features of the development of the root system of apple on the rootstock M-9 under different watering regimes. Modes were formed using: the iMetos ECO D2 automatic Internet station for soil moisture, tensiometers; Penman-Monteith method, visual observations, and the control option were rainfed growing conditions (without irrigation). During the period of researches (2017) it was determined: patterns of horizontal and vertical root propagation, depth and width of root formation zone, mass of root system in soil layers, average root length, ramification indicator, coefficient service and coefficient productivity root system.

The article considers the key problem of our time – the rational and efficient use of the country’s natural resources, in particular fuel and energy. The possibility of solving it on the basis of the concept of energy conservation.

Thecurrentsituationon the way to improve energy consumption, which must be completed before 2030, is analyzed. The leading role of energy-saving measures to improve energy security and independence of Belarus is shown.