In two-year research conducted (2024–2025) on sodpodzolic sandy loam soil in the central part of Belarus, the impact of sowing dates and relevant temperature conditions on plant development from the flowering stage to harvesting was studied. It is shown that early sowing promotes a greater accumulation of dry matter in grain, especially in insufficiently warm years. A strong, direct correlation exists between the sum of effective temperatures from blooming stage to harvesting and the accumulation of dry matter in the grain of maize hybrids. Based on this, regression equations are calculated that reflect the relationship between the dry matter accumulation in maize grain and the sum of effective temperatures after flowering stage, allowing for the prediction of maize grain moisture at harvesting.

Under conditions of the central zone of Belarus, the number of productive stems and the number of grains per spike of winter triticale depended more on weather conditions than on seeding rates. The 1000-grain weight of the studied triticale varieties, across all seeding rates, was generally at the control level (4.0 million viable seeds/ha). The highest grain yield of winter triticale varieties, on average, over the period of research, was obtained at seeding rates of 4.0–5.0 million viable seeds/ha. In years with hydrothermal conditions close to or exceeding the long-term average, the Slavko, Kovcheg, and Grodno varieties provided the highest grain yields at a seeding rate of 3.5, while the Dinamo variety achieved 3.0 million viable seeds/ha.

This paper presents the results of three-year research on the impact of four sowing dates (September 5, 10, 15, and 25) and seven seeding rates (from 2.0 to 5.0 million viable seeds/ha) on the yield of winter barley of the Buslik variety grown on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the northeastern part of Belarus. It was established that winter barley grain yield varied greatly from year to year (v = 45 %) and largely depended on overwintering conditions affecting the productive stem density. Sowing winter barley from September 5 to 10 ensures the highest grain yield with the optimal seeding rate of 3.0–3.5 million viable seeds per 1 ha, which should be increased by 1.0 million/ha when sowing on September 15. Sowing barley on September 25, even with a seeding rate of 5.0 million seeds/ha, does not compensate for the shortfall in yield in relation to the optimal sowing time.

This article presents the results of a coenotic evaluation of mixed crops of vetch with millet, mogar, and sudangrass, cultivated for green fodder. Competitiveness and aggressiveness coefficients, as well as the land equivalent ratio, were used to biologically evaluate the effectiveness of binary legume-cereal mixtures. It was found that mixed crops of vetch with millet crops and sudangrass utilize land area 1.1–2.5 times more efficiently than single-species crops.

The paper presents the results of assessing the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of three maternal CMS lines and five fertile tester lines of rape using the topcross scheme in wide-row plantings. It was established that inheritance of the "productivity" trait in the studied combinations was determined by the genes with dominant and epistatic effects (the share of GCA effects is 40.6 %), while "1000-grain weight," "number of seeds per pod on the central cluster," "number of pods per plant," and "plant height" were determined by additive interaction of genes (the share of GCA effects is 88, 51, 68, and 67 %). Parental lines with high combining ability A31/210, No. 6/04-3-0, No. 47/04, No. 41/04 were selected, which could be recommended for breeding for heterosis.

The paper presents the results of the research on the efficiency of insecticides against Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. in maize agrocenoses in the Republic of Belarus (2024–2025), based on both field and large-scale production trials. Insecticides containing lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, and spinetoram demonstrated high biological efficiency (84.2–100 %) and ensured grain yield preservation of 10,014,9 % compared to the control.

Under production conditions, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enabled effective application of the insecticide Organza, SC (acetamiprid, 100 g/l + lambda-cyhalothrin, 100 g/l), resulting in a reduction of plant damage by pest larvae by 86,0–89,5 % and grain yield preservation of 8,7–10,6 %.

Based on the obtained data and the conclusion of the Experts Committee, in 2026 the insecticide Organza, SC was officially registered for application using agricultural drones and included in the «State Register of Plant Protection Products…» of the Republic of Belarus.

A positive correlation (r = 0.77) of the population density of insects of the family Thripidae from the air temperature in the greenhouse was established in the range of +17.7...+26.2 ºС. One of the factors limiting early appearance of phytophages on plants under the conditions of winter-spring crop rotation is the climatic parameters of the environment (solar insolation, short daylight) in February-March. In the control the number of thrips in cucumber under glass is high. The biological efficiency of the insecticide Virtento, SC (isocycloseram, 400 g/l) at applied at the rate of 0.15 and 0.18 l/ha was up to 100 %.

Pathogenicity of the Pestalotiopsis theae fungus, isolated from strawberry leaves, was identified for the first time in Belarus. The isolated micromycete was genetically identified and introduced into culture. Its morphological characteristics were studied on a nutrient medium. Pestalotiopsis theae was then reproduced and two varieties of strawberries Chelsea and Destiny were infected using a spore suspension spray method. As a result it was concluded that Pestalotiopsis theae was a pathogene for garden strawberries, causing spotting to petioles, leaves, and flower stalks.

The article presents the results of the studies on the efficiency of using complex microfertilizers based on chelated microelements in the cultivation technology of fiber flax on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil with low zinc content, medium borium content, low and medium content of copper. The expediency of using the preparations Ikar Zinto, WSC, KompleMet-Len, L, Aqua-mix L, P, Nutrivant plus oil, P at the herringbone stage of flax was established, providing the increase of seed yield by 10–17 %, retted straw by 4–6 %, fiber by 7–11 %, including long fiber by 6–12 %, retted straw quality by 1,0 variety number.

The paper presents the results of the studies on the efficiency of applying chelated microelements to oil flax, depending on soil acidity. Increasing soil pH from 5.3 to 6.2 reduces the absorption of macroand micronutrients by plants, which decreases their accumulation in seeds (r = –0.72… –1). Chelated microelements zinc, copper, borium are recommended to use at a dose of 150 g/ha, which ensures the increase of seed yield on soil with рНКС1 5.3 by 1.52.2 c/ha (9–14 %) and oil yield by 0.7–1.0 c/ha (12–18 %); on soil with рНКС1 6.2, respectively, 1.2–2.6 kg/ha (8–18 %) and 0.5–1.0 kg/ha (10–21 %). Changing soil acidity from 5.3 to 6.2 reduces the content of mobile manganese and its uptake by plants (r = –0.89), which requires increasing the application rate of the microelement from 130 to 260 g/ha, resulting in the increase of seed yield of 1.7 kg/ha (12 %) and oil yield of 0.6 kg/ha (13 %).

The biopreparation BatsiPhageComposit, L in vitro and in vivo experiments, demonstrates an inhibitory effect on the development of the root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum and the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae in concentrations of 2–4 %. It stimulates the growth and development of cucumber plants, provides biological efficiency against root rot on cucumber from 54.3 % to 65.8 %, contributes to the reduction of bacterioses prevalence by 40.0–56.9 % and allows saving 1.6 kg/m² of cucumbers with an economic efficiency level of 106.6 %.